The Real Cost of Waiting on a Dental Emergency Delaying emergency dental care in Calgary can turn a treatable problem into a permanent loss. When a dental emergency goes untreated — even for a day or two — infection spreads, bone deteriorates, and what could have been saved with a simple procedure may ultimately require extraction. Acting quickly is not just about relieving pain; it is about keeping your natural tooth for life. What Counts as a Dental Emergency? Many patients are unsure whether their situation truly warrants an emergency appointment. If you are experiencing any of the following, you should contact a licensed dentist as soon as possible: Severe or throbbing toothache — often a sign of pulp infection or abscess Knocked-out (avulsed) tooth — time-critical; reimplantation success drops sharply after 30–60 minutes Cracked or fractured tooth — a fracture extending into the root can quickly become non-restorable Dental abscess or facial swelling — a bacterial infection that can spread to the jaw, neck, and beyond Lost or broken dental crown or filling — exposes the underlying dentin and pulp to bacteria Partially dislodged (luxated) tooth — the periodontal ligament fibres may still be viable if treated promptly None of these conditions resolve on their own. Each one worsens with time, and each day of delay increases the complexity — and the cost — of treatment. How Dental Infections Escalate Quickly A dental abscess begins as a bacterial infection inside the pulp chamber of the tooth. Left untreated, the infection spreads through the root apex into the surrounding alveolar bone. Once the bone is compromised, the tooth loses structural support and the likelihood of successful root canal therapy diminishes significantly. In serious cases, an untreated dental abscess can progress to Ludwig's angina — a life-threatening infection of the floor of the mouth — or spread along fascial planes into the neck and chest. This is not a scare tactic; it is a well-documented medical reality. What begins as a sore tooth can become a hospital emergency within days. The Narrow Window for Saving a Knocked-Out Tooth If a tooth is completely knocked out — a condition dentists call avulsion — you have roughly 30 to 60 minutes to give it the best chance of successful reimplantation. Handle the tooth by the crown only, never the root. Rinse it gently without scrubbing, and keep it moist — ideally stored in milk, saline, or held between your cheek and gum. Call your Calgary emergency dentist immediately. Once the periodontal ligament cells on the root surface dry out and die, reimplantation is no longer viable, and a dental implant or bridge becomes the only replacement option — a significantly greater investment in both time and cost. Why Waiting Costs More — Financially and Biologically Patients often delay care because of cost concerns or because the pain temporarily subsides. However, pain subsiding does not mean the problem is resolved — it often means the nerve has died, which is actually a sign the…

What Counts as a Dental Emergency — and What Should You Do? A dental emergency is any situation involving severe oral pain, trauma, bleeding, swelling, or a knocked-out tooth that requires prompt professional attention to relieve pain, prevent infection, or save a tooth. At Expressions Dental in Calgary NW, we treat a wide range of urgent dental conditions and encourage patients to call us immediately rather than waiting for symptoms to worsen. Getting timely care is often the difference between saving and losing a tooth. The Most Common Dental Emergencies We See 1. Severe Toothache or Dental Pain A toothache that is intense, throbbing, or accompanied by swelling is rarely something that resolves on its own. Persistent dental pain is often caused by pulpitis (inflammation of the dental pulp), an abscess, a cracked tooth, or advanced tooth decay reaching the nerve. Over-the-counter pain relief may temporarily dull discomfort, but it does not treat the underlying cause. At Expressions Dental, our licensed dentists will assess the source of pain using clinical examination and digital X-rays, then recommend the appropriate treatment — which may include root canal therapy, a dental filling, or extraction if the tooth cannot be saved. 2. Knocked-Out Tooth (Avulsed Tooth) A fully displaced or avulsed tooth is one of the most time-sensitive emergencies in dentistry. You have the best chance of saving the tooth if you act within 30 to 60 minutes. Here is what to do immediately: Pick up the tooth by the crown — never touch the root Rinse it gently with clean water if dirty — do not scrub Try to reinsert the tooth into the socket if possible, or store it in milk or saliva Call Expressions Dental right away and come in immediately Our team will attempt to reimplant and splint the tooth and guide you through the recovery process. 3. Cracked or Fractured Tooth Cracked teeth range from minor enamel chips to deep vertical root fractures that threaten the entire tooth. A crack that extends into the pulp chamber can cause sharp pain when biting or sensitivity to temperature. Even a crack that looks minor can worsen rapidly without treatment. Depending on the severity, we may restore the tooth with a dental crown, bonding, or root canal therapy. 4. Dental Abscess or Facial Swelling A periapical abscess or periodontal abscess is a bacterial infection that forms a pocket of pus near the root of a tooth or in the surrounding gum tissue. Symptoms include a pulsating toothache, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and visible swelling on the gums or face. A dental abscess should never be ignored — oral infections can spread to the jaw, neck, or airway if left untreated. Treatment typically involves drainage of the abscess, antibiotic therapy, and root canal treatment or extraction. 5. Lost or Broken Dental Restoration A lost filling, broken crown, or dislodged dental bridge can expose sensitive tooth structure and leave sharp edges that irritate soft tissue. While this may not always cause immediate pain, it…

A dental emergency can strike at any time — including Saturday morning or Sunday evening when most dental offices are closed. If you experience severe tooth pain, a knocked-out tooth, a cracked crown, or facial swelling over the weekend, these are genuine dental emergencies that require prompt professional attention. Ignoring these warning signs can turn a manageable problem into a complex, costly situation that threatens your long-term oral health. What Counts as a Dental Emergency? Not every dental concern requires same-day care, but certain conditions genuinely cannot wait until Monday. A dental emergency is any situation involving significant pain, risk of infection, trauma to the teeth or jaw, or uncontrolled bleeding in the mouth. Understanding the difference between urgent and non-urgent issues helps you make the right call when something goes wrong over the weekend. Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore Severe or Throbbing Toothache Persistent, throbbing tooth pain — especially pain that wakes you up at night — often signals a dental abscess or advanced tooth decay reaching the pulp. An abscess is a bacterial infection that can spread to the jaw, neck, or even the brain if left untreated. Do not take a wait-and-see approach with this level of discomfort. Over-the-counter analgesics may temporarily reduce pain, but they do not address the underlying infection. Knocked-Out (Avulsed) Tooth A knocked-out permanent tooth is one of the most time-sensitive dental emergencies you can experience. You have the best chance of saving the tooth if you see a dentist within 30 to 60 minutes of the injury. Handle the tooth by the crown — never the root — rinse it gently with clean water, and keep it moist by placing it back in the socket, between your cheek and gum, or in a small container of milk. Contact a dental office immediately. Cracked or Fractured Tooth A cracked tooth may not always be visible to the naked eye, but symptoms include sharp pain when biting down, sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures, and intermittent discomfort. A vertical root fracture or a crack extending below the gum line is particularly serious and may require extraction if not treated quickly. Do not attempt to bite on that side of your mouth, and avoid extremely hot or cold foods until you are seen by a dentist. Swelling in the Face, Jaw, or Gums Facial swelling — particularly swelling that is spreading, warm to the touch, or accompanied by fever and difficulty swallowing — is a medical and dental emergency. This presentation may indicate a periapical abscess or cellulitis, serious infections that can become life-threatening without rapid intervention. If swelling is affecting your airway or you are having difficulty breathing, go to your nearest emergency room immediately. Lost Filling, Crown, or Dental Restoration Losing a filling or crown over the weekend can expose the underlying dentin and tooth structure to bacteria, temperature changes, and physical stress. While this is generally less urgent than an abscess or trauma, it should still be addressed within 24 to…

What to Do When a Sports Injury Affects Your Teeth Sports dental injuries are among the most common dental emergencies seen in Calgary, affecting athletes of all ages — from minor league hockey players to weekend cyclists. A knocked-out tooth, fractured crown, or soft tissue laceration can be saved or significantly improved when you act quickly and seek licensed dental care promptly. Knowing what to do in the first minutes after a sports injury can make the difference between saving a tooth and losing it permanently. The Most Common Sports-Related Dental Injuries Understanding which injuries occur most often helps you respond appropriately. Sports contact — whether from a puck, elbow, fall, or collision — can cause a range of dental and oral injuries: Avulsed (knocked-out) tooth: The entire tooth, including the root, is displaced from the socket. This is a dental emergency requiring care within 30–60 minutes. Fractured or cracked tooth: A break in the enamel, dentine, or root caused by a direct blow. Severity ranges from a minor chip to a vertical root fracture. Luxated tooth: The tooth is partially displaced — pushed sideways, deeper into, or partially out of the socket — but remains attached. Tooth intrusion: The tooth is forcefully driven into the alveolar bone, which is particularly common in young children. Soft tissue injuries: Lacerations to the lips, tongue, gingival tissue (gums), or the inside of the cheeks are frequently associated with impact injuries. Jaw fractures: Severe impacts can fracture the mandible or maxilla, requiring immediate emergency medical and dental attention. What to Do Immediately After a Sports Dental Injury The actions you take in the moments after a dental injury are critical. Follow these steps: If a Tooth Is Knocked Out Pick up the tooth by the crown (the white visible part) — never touch the root. If dirty, gently rinse with milk or saline. Do not scrub, dry, or wrap it in tissue. If possible, reinsert the tooth gently into its socket and hold it in place. If reinsertion isn't possible, store the tooth in milk, saline, or between your cheek and gum to keep it moist. Seek emergency dental care within 30–60 minutes — this window is critical for successful reimplantation. If a Tooth Is Chipped or Fractured Rinse your mouth with warm water and apply a cold compress to the face to reduce swelling. Collect any broken tooth fragments if possible and bring them to your dentist. Avoid biting down on the affected tooth until it has been assessed by a licensed dentist. For Soft Tissue Injuries Apply gentle pressure with clean gauze or cloth to control bleeding. A cold compress can reduce swelling and discomfort. Lacerations that won't stop bleeding or are deep may require emergency medical care in addition to dental treatment. Treatment Options for Sports Dental Injuries At a licensed dental clinic in Calgary NW, the treatment recommended will depend on the type and severity of the injury. Common restorative and emergency treatments include: Tooth reimplantation and splinting for…

What to Do If Your Child Has a Dental Emergency in Calgary If your child has a dental emergency in Calgary, stay calm, assess the situation, and contact a licensed family dentist as quickly as possible — many dental emergencies can be treated successfully when handled promptly. Whether your child has knocked out a tooth, cracked a molar, or is experiencing severe tooth pain, knowing the right steps to take in the first few minutes can make a significant difference in the outcome. This guide walks you through the most common paediatric dental emergencies and exactly what to do before you reach the dental chair. Common Paediatric Dental Emergencies Children are active, and accidents happen. The following are the most frequently seen dental emergencies in children: Avulsed (knocked-out) tooth — a permanent tooth that has been completely displaced from its socket Luxated or displaced tooth — a tooth that has been pushed inward, pulled outward, or shifted to the side Dental fracture — a chipped, cracked, or broken tooth, ranging from a minor enamel chip to a deep pulpal fracture Dental abscess — a bacterial infection causing swelling, fever, and significant pain around the tooth or jaw Soft tissue injuries — lacerations to the lips, gums, tongue, or inner cheeks Object lodged between teeth — causing pain and pressure in the gum tissue Step-by-Step: What to Do First Knocked-Out Permanent Tooth A knocked-out permanent tooth is a true dental emergency — time is critical. Follow these steps immediately: Pick up the tooth by the crown (the white visible part), never by the root If the tooth is dirty, rinse it gently with milk or saline — do not scrub it or use tap water If your child is old enough and calm, try to reinsert the tooth into its socket and hold it gently in place If reinsertion is not possible, place the tooth in a small container of cold milk or have your child keep it tucked between their cheek and gum to preserve the periodontal ligament cells Get to a dentist within 30–60 minutes — this window is critical for successful reimplantation Important: Do not attempt to reimplant a knocked-out baby (primary) tooth — this can damage the developing permanent tooth underneath. Contact your dentist for guidance. Chipped or Cracked Tooth Rinse your child's mouth gently with warm water and apply a cold compress to the outside of the cheek to reduce swelling. Collect any tooth fragments if possible, as your dentist may be able to bond them back. Avoid giving your child hard or crunchy foods until the tooth has been assessed. Even a small chip can expose the dentinal tubules, causing sensitivity and increasing the risk of infection over time. Toothache or Dental Abscess Have your child rinse with warm salt water to soothe the area and help reduce bacteria. You can give an appropriate dose of children's ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief, but do not place aspirin directly on the gum tissue. Swelling of…

If you're experiencing a dental emergency in Calgary, the right answer for most situations is to call a licensed emergency dentist — not to head to a hospital emergency room. Emergency rooms are not equipped to perform dental procedures and will typically only manage pain or infection with medication, leaving the underlying problem untreated. Knowing the difference before a crisis strikes can save you time, money, and unnecessary suffering. What Counts as a Dental Emergency? Dental emergencies are more common than most people realise, and they don't always announce themselves during business hours. A dental emergency is any situation involving severe pain, trauma to the mouth, or a condition that could worsen rapidly without prompt professional care. Common examples include: Knocked-out (avulsed) permanent tooth — time-sensitive; reimplantation is most successful within 30–60 minutes Cracked, fractured, or broken tooth — especially when the pulp is exposed Severe toothache — often caused by pulpitis or a periapical abscess Dental abscess or oral swelling — can spread to the jaw, neck, or airway if untreated Lost or broken crown, bridge, or filling — leaving a tooth exposed and vulnerable Soft tissue injuries — lacerations to the gums, tongue, cheeks, or lips Partially dislodged (luxated) tooth — requires repositioning by a licensed dentist What an Emergency Dentist Can Do That an ER Cannot This is the most critical distinction Calgary patients need to understand. A licensed emergency dentist can diagnose the root cause of your pain, take dental X-rays, administer local anaesthetic, and perform hands-on treatments — including tooth extractions, root canal therapy, dental bonding, re-cementing a crown, or draining a localised abscess. These are the interventions that actually resolve the problem. A hospital emergency room, by contrast, has no dentist on staff and no dental equipment. ER physicians can prescribe antibiotics for a spreading infection and pain medication for acute discomfort, but they cannot repair a fractured tooth, treat an exposed nerve, or reimplant an avulsed tooth. You'll leave the ER in less pain, but still in need of urgent dental care — meaning two visits instead of one. When the Emergency Room IS the Right Choice There are specific circumstances where going directly to a hospital emergency room is the appropriate and potentially life-saving decision: Difficulty breathing or swallowing — may indicate a deep space infection such as Ludwig's angina, which is a medical emergency Significant facial trauma — suspected jaw fracture (mandibular or maxillary fracture), or injuries following a vehicle collision or serious fall Uncontrolled bleeding that does not slow after sustained pressure Swelling that is spreading rapidly to the neck, floor of the mouth, or eye area High fever combined with facial swelling — signs that infection may be systemic In these situations, the risk to your airway or overall health outweighs the need for definitive dental treatment. Once stabilised at the ER, follow up with a licensed dentist as soon as possible to address the dental cause. The Golden Rule: When in Doubt, Call a Dentist First For the…

Biting down on something unexpectedly hard — a popcorn kernel, an olive pit, a piece of ice — can damage a tooth in an instant. If you experience sudden pain, sensitivity, or notice a crack or chip after the incident, you may need to see an emergency dentist in Calgary right away. Getting prompt dental care can mean the difference between saving a tooth and losing it entirely. Why Biting Something Hard Can Be More Serious Than It Seems Teeth are remarkably strong, but they are not indestructible. A sudden, forceful bite on a hard object can cause a range of injuries — from a small chip to a complete tooth fracture or even a dental avulsion (knocked-out tooth). What makes these injuries tricky is that some damage is not immediately visible. A hairline crack in the enamel or a fracture extending into the dental pulp may not be obvious to the naked eye, yet can cause serious complications if left untreated. Internal damage to the pulp — the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels at the centre of your tooth — can lead to infection, abscess, or permanent tooth loss if not addressed quickly. This is why dental professionals treat biting injuries as potential emergencies, even when the pain seems mild at first. Warning Signs You Need Emergency Dental Care After biting down on something hard, watch closely for these signs that indicate an urgent dental visit is needed: Sharp or throbbing pain — especially pain that lingers or intensifies over time Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks — a sign the enamel may be compromised or the pulp exposed A visible crack, chip, or missing piece of the tooth Pain when biting or chewing — this can indicate a fracture that shifts under pressure Swelling in the gum or jaw — a possible sign of infection or abscess beginning to form A tooth that feels loose or out of alignment Bleeding from the gum around the affected tooth Even if you feel only minor discomfort at first, it is worth calling your dentist. Dental fractures can worsen rapidly, and what starts as a small crack can split entirely — making treatment far more complex and costly. What an Emergency Dentist in Calgary Will Do When you arrive at an emergency dental appointment, your dentist will begin with a thorough clinical examination of the affected tooth and surrounding structures. This typically includes digital dental X-rays — and sometimes a CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) scan — to identify the extent of the fracture, assess root integrity, and check for any signs of infection in the surrounding bone. Depending on what is found, treatment options may include: Dental bonding — for minor chips where enamel loss is small A dental crown — to protect and restore a cracked or weakened tooth Root canal therapy — if the pulp has been exposed or damaged Tooth extraction — in cases where the fracture extends below the gum line…

What Is a Dental Abscess and When Is It a Dental Emergency? A dental abscess is a pocket of bacterial infection that forms either at the root tip of a tooth (periapical abscess) or in the surrounding gum tissue (periodontal abscess), and it requires prompt professional treatment before the infection spreads. Calgary patients should seek immediate dental care if they experience severe, throbbing tooth pain, visible facial swelling, fever, or difficulty swallowing — these are warning signs that the infection may be progressing beyond the tooth itself. Left untreated, a dental abscess can become life-threatening as bacteria spread to the jaw, neck, or bloodstream in a condition known as sepsis. The Most Common Dental Abscess Symptoms to Watch For Recognising the symptoms of a dental abscess early gives you the best chance of a straightforward, successful outcome. While symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the abscess, the following warning signs are the most commonly reported by patients: Severe, persistent toothache — often described as throbbing or pulsating pain that radiates to the jaw, ear, or neck Sensitivity to hot and cold — pain that lingers long after the temperature stimulus is removed Facial or cheek swelling — visible inflammation on one side of the face or jaw Swollen, tender lymph nodes — located under the jaw or in the neck Fever — a sign your body is actively fighting infection A pimple-like bump on the gum — known as a dental fistula or sinus tract, which may ooze pus Foul taste or smell in the mouth — caused by draining pus Difficulty opening your mouth, chewing, or swallowing — a red flag that infection may be spreading Not every abscess causes severe pain. In some cases, a chronic abscess may develop slowly with only mild discomfort — which is why routine dental check-ups in Calgary NW are so important for catching problems before they escalate. When a Dental Abscess Becomes a Medical Emergency Most dental abscesses can be managed effectively by your dentist. However, certain symptoms signal that the infection has progressed and you should seek emergency care immediately — including a hospital emergency department if your dental clinic is unavailable: Rapidly spreading facial or neck swelling Difficulty breathing or swallowing (a sign of Ludwig's angina, a serious deep space neck infection) High fever (above 38.5°C) accompanied by chills or confusion Inability to open your mouth (trismus) These symptoms indicate that the infection may have moved beyond the oral cavity into the fascial spaces of the neck or into the bloodstream. This constitutes a medical emergency and requires immediate attention. How Is a Dental Abscess Treated? Treatment depends on the severity and location of the abscess, but the primary goal is always to eliminate the infection and preserve the tooth where possible. Common treatment options include: Incision and drainage (I&D) — the dentist makes a small incision to drain the pus and relieve pressure Root canal therapy (endodontic treatment) — removes the infected pulp tissue from…

Is Swelling in Your Mouth or Face a Dental Emergency? Swollen gums or facial swelling can absolutely be a dental emergency — and in some cases, a medical one. When swelling is caused by a dental abscess, spreading infection, or pericoronitis, it can escalate quickly and become life-threatening if left untreated. If you are experiencing significant facial swelling, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or a fever alongside oral swelling, you should seek emergency care immediately. What Causes Swollen Gums or Facial Swelling? Not all oral swelling carries the same level of urgency, but understanding what is behind it helps you act quickly and appropriately. The most common causes include: Dental abscess: A periapical abscess (at the root tip) or a periodontal abscess (in the gum tissue) is a localised bacterial infection that can spread to the jaw, neck, or airway. This is one of the most serious causes of facial swelling. Pericoronitis: Inflammation and infection around a partially erupted wisdom tooth, most commonly the lower third molars. It causes swelling at the back of the jaw and can spread rapidly. Gingivitis and periodontitis: Chronic gum disease causes gum tissue inflammation. While usually not an emergency on its own, advanced periodontitis can cause acute flare-ups with painful, swollen gums. Cracked or fractured tooth: A split tooth can allow bacteria to enter the pulp, leading to infection, nerve involvement, and swelling. Failed or infected dental restoration: Decay beneath a crown, failing root canal treatment, or a compromised filling can all lead to abscess formation. Cellulitis: A serious bacterial skin and soft tissue infection that can originate from an untreated dental source and spread through the face and neck. Warning Signs That Require Immediate Emergency Dental or Medical Care Some symptoms signal that your situation cannot wait for a routine appointment. Go to an emergency dental clinic or hospital emergency room right away if you experience any of the following: Swelling that is spreading visibly from your jaw into your cheek, neck, or under your chin Difficulty swallowing or opening your mouth (trismus) — this can indicate Ludwig's angina, a life-threatening deep neck infection Difficulty breathing caused by swelling in the throat or airway Fever above 38°C combined with facial or gum swelling Pus visibly draining from the gum tissue or a pimple-like bump (dental fistula) that is worsening Severe, throbbing toothache that is not responding to over-the-counter pain relief These symptoms indicate a spreading infection that requires professional intervention — not a wait-and-see approach. What Will a Calgary Emergency Dentist Do? When you arrive at an emergency dental clinic in Calgary, your dentist will conduct a thorough clinical examination and take digital X-rays to locate the source of infection and assess how far it has spread. Depending on your diagnosis, treatment may include: Incision and drainage: Lancing an abscess to release trapped pus and relieve pressure Root canal treatment (endodontic therapy): Removing infected pulp tissue from inside the tooth to eliminate the source of infection while saving the tooth Antibiotic therapy: Prescribed to…

If you've lost a dental crown or filling, the most important first steps are to stay calm, protect the exposed tooth, and contact your dentist as soon as possible. A missing crown or filling leaves the underlying tooth structure vulnerable to sensitivity, bacteria, and further damage — so prompt action matters. This guide walks you through exactly what to do until you can be seen by a licensed dentist in Calgary. Why a Lost Crown or Filling Is a Dental Urgency A dental crown is a tooth-shaped cap that covers a damaged, weakened, or heavily restored tooth. A filling restores a tooth after decay has been removed. When either one falls out or breaks, the exposed dentinal tubules — the microscopic channels within your tooth — become open to temperature changes, pressure, and oral bacteria. Without the protective restoration in place, you may experience: Sharp or aching tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks Pain when biting or chewing on the affected side Risk of fracture — a tooth that once needed a crown is often structurally compromised and can crack further if left unprotected Bacterial infiltration that can lead to secondary decay or infection at the pulp While a lost crown or filling is not always a dental emergency in the way a knocked-out tooth is, you should still aim to see your dentist within 24 to 48 hours wherever possible. Immediate Steps to Take at Home 1. Find and Save the Crown or Filling Material If your crown came out intact, rinse it gently with warm water and store it in a small zip-lock bag or clean container. Do not throw it away — your dentist may be able to re-cement it, depending on its condition. Old fillings are usually not reusable, but saving them helps your dentist assess what happened. 2. Protect the Tooth Temporarily Dental wax or a temporary crown cement — available over the counter at most Calgary pharmacies — can be used to cover the exposed tooth and reduce sensitivity. If using a temporary cement, follow the package instructions carefully and avoid eating on that side of your mouth until you've been seen. Do not use household adhesives or super glue, as these can damage the tooth and surrounding tissue. 3. Manage Discomfort Safely Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage mild discomfort. Applying a small amount of clove oil (eugenol) to the exposed area using a cotton ball can also offer temporary numbing relief — eugenol is a natural anaesthetic commonly used in dental materials. Avoid extremely hot, cold, or sugary foods that may aggravate sensitivity. 4. Call Your Dentist Right Away Even if you are managing the discomfort well, a lost crown or filling should never be left untreated long-term. The longer the tooth remains unprotected, the greater the risk of irreversible damage, including pulpitis (inflammation of the dental pulp) or a tooth fracture that could require extraction rather than a simple restoration. What to…