What Is the Difference Between an Overbite and an Underbite?
An overbite occurs when the upper teeth or dental arch overlaps significantly over the lower teeth, while an underbite is the opposite — the lower teeth protrude in front of the upper arch. Both are forms of malocclusion (misaligned bite) that can affect your oral health, jaw function, and facial appearance. A licensed dentist can assess the severity of either condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment.
Understanding Overbite
A small degree of overbite is completely normal — in fact, most people have a slight vertical overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower. However, when the overlap becomes excessive, it is considered a dental concern that may require treatment.
Common Causes of Overbite
- Genetics: Overbites are frequently inherited from parents and may relate to the size or shape of the jaw and teeth.
- Childhood habits: Prolonged thumb sucking, extended use of a bottle or pacifier, and tongue thrusting during developmental years can all contribute to overbite formation.
- Jaw development: Discrepancies in upper and lower jaw growth can result in significant overlap.
Health Effects of an Overbite
- Difficulty chewing or biting food properly
- Increased stress on the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint), which may lead to TMJ-related discomfort
- Accelerated wear on tooth enamel
- Speech difficulties in some cases
- Aesthetic concerns affecting facial profile and self-confidence
Understanding Underbite
An underbite occurs when the lower teeth sit in front of the upper teeth when the mouth is closed. This condition is typically caused by overgrowth of the lower jaw, undergrowth of the upper jaw, or a combination of both. Like overbite, underbite can run in families.
Common Causes of Underbite
- Genetics: Jaw size and growth patterns are often hereditary.
- Childhood habits: Similar habits to those linked with overbite — such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and prolonged pacifier use — can also contribute.
- Jaw discrepancy: Overgrowth of the lower jaw or undergrowth of the upper jaw are the most common skeletal causes.
Health Effects of an Underbite
- Difficulty chewing and biting effectively
- Increased risk of tooth decay, cavities, and gingivitis — because misaligned teeth make it harder for a toothbrush to reach all surfaces
- Jaw pain and potential TMJ dysfunction
- Speech impediments
- Uneven wear on the teeth over time
Because misaligned teeth create hard-to-clean areas, patients with either overbite or underbite benefit greatly from regular professional cleanings. Our dental hygienist team in Calgary can help manage plaque build-up and monitor your oral health between orthodontic treatments.
How Are Overbite and Underbite Treated?
While misaligned teeth are often visually apparent, it is strongly recommended that you visit a licensed dentist for a thorough assessment before beginning any treatment. The right approach depends on the severity of the malocclusion, your age, and your overall dental health.
Common Treatment Options
- Orthodontic treatment: Braces or clear aligners such as Invisalign in Calgary NW are among the most effective non-surgical options for correcting mild to moderate overbite and underbite.
- Dental appliances: Palate expanders and other orthodontic appliances may be recommended, particularly for younger patients whose jaws are still developing.
- Restorative dentistry: In some cases, dental crowns or other restorations may be used to correct bite issues caused by worn or damaged teeth.
- Jaw surgery: For severe skeletal malocclusion in adults, orthognathic surgery may be recommended in conjunction with orthodontic treatment.
When Should You See a Dentist?
If you suspect you or your child has a significant overbite or underbite, it is best to seek an assessment as early as possible. Early intervention — particularly during childhood when the jaw is still growing — often leads to simpler and more effective outcomes. Our team at Expressions Dental in Calgary NW welcomes patients of all ages, including children. Learn more about our dental care for children in Calgary.
Can You Prevent Overbite or Underbite?
Not all cases can be prevented, as genetics plays a significant role. However, parents can reduce risk by discouraging prolonged thumb sucking, limiting pacifier use beyond infancy, and scheduling regular dental check-ups starting at an early age. Routine monitoring by a licensed dentist allows any emerging bite issues to be identified and addressed early.
Book an Assessment at Expressions Dental, Calgary NW
If you have concerns about your bite — whether it is an overbite, underbite, or general misalignment — the licensed dental team at Expressions Dental in Calgary NW is here to help. We offer thorough bite assessments, orthodontic referrals, and a full range of dental services tailored to your needs.
Book your appointment today and take the first step toward a healthier, more comfortable bite. We welcome new patients and families across Calgary NW.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between an overbite and an underbite?
An overbite occurs when the upper teeth overlap excessively over the lower teeth, while an underbite is when the lower teeth protrude in front of the upper teeth. Both are types of malocclusion (misaligned bite) that can affect chewing, jaw health, and appearance. A licensed dentist can assess which condition you have and recommend appropriate treatment.
Are overbites and underbites hereditary?
Yes, both overbites and underbites are commonly inherited, as jaw size and structure tend to run in families. However, certain childhood habits — such as prolonged thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, or extended pacifier use — can also contribute to the development or worsening of these conditions.
Can an overbite or underbite cause health problems?
Yes. Both conditions can lead to difficulty chewing, increased tooth wear, jaw joint stress (which may contribute to TMJ issues), and a higher risk of tooth decay and gum disease. Misaligned teeth create areas that are difficult to clean properly, making regular professional dental cleanings especially important.
How are overbites and underbites treated in Calgary?
Treatment depends on the severity of the malocclusion and may include orthodontic options such as Invisalign or traditional braces, orthodontic appliances like palate expanders, restorative dental work, or jaw surgery in more severe cases. A licensed dentist in Calgary NW will assess your specific situation and guide you toward the most suitable solution.
At what age should a child be assessed for an overbite or underbite?
It is recommended that children have their first dental visit by age one or when their first tooth appears. Bite assessments can begin as early as age six or seven, when the permanent teeth start to emerge. Early detection allows for more straightforward treatment while the jaw is still developing.
Can Invisalign fix an overbite or underbite?
Invisalign can be effective for correcting mild to moderate overbites and, in some cases, underbites, depending on the nature of the misalignment. Skeletal underbites caused by significant jaw discrepancies may require additional treatment. A consultation with a licensed dental provider will determine whether Invisalign is appropriate for your situation.
Does a small overbite need treatment?
A small degree of overbite is normal and generally does not require treatment. However, if the overlap is significant enough to cause discomfort, difficulty chewing, jaw pain, or noticeable wear on your teeth, treatment is recommended. Your dentist in Calgary NW can measure your overbite and advise whether intervention is needed.